Math Problem Statement

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Solution

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Chi-square test
Hypothesis testing
Statistical independence

Formulas

Expected Frequency: E_{ij} = (F_i * F_j) / N
Chi-square statistic: χ² = Σ (O_{ij} - E_{ij})² / E_{ij}

Theorems

Chi-square distribution
Hypothesis testing for independence

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Statistics