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The table in the image represents the production (Q) and prices (P) of two products—potatoes (papas) and airplanes (aviones)—for the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. The base year for calculating the GDP (PBI, Producto Bruto Interno) is set as 2020. The objective is to compute the growth rate of the GDP in 2021 compared to 2020.

The formula for calculating the real GDP growth rate is:

\[
\text{Growth Rate} = \frac{GDP_{2021} - GDP_{2020}}{GDP_{2020}} \times 100
\]

We need to calculate the GDP for 2020 and 2021, using 2020 as the base year. The GDP is calculated as the sum of the products of the quantities (Q) and prices (P) of each good.

### Step 1: Calculate GDP for 2020 (Base Year)
Since 2020 is the base year, we simply multiply the quantities and prices for 2020.

\[
GDP_{2020} = (Q_{\text{papas}} \times P_{\text{papas}}) + (Q_{\text{aviones}} \times P_{\text{aviones}})
\]
\[
GDP_{2020} = (85 \times 3) + (44 \times 17)
\]
\[
GDP_{2020} = 255 + 748 = 1003
\]

### Step 2: Calculate GDP for 2021 using 2020 prices
To keep 2020 as the base year, we use the prices from 2020 and the quantities from 2021.

\[
GDP_{2021} = (Q_{\text{papas, 2021}} \times P_{\text{papas, 2020}}) + (Q_{\text{aviones, 2021}} \times P_{\text{aviones, 2020}})
\]
\[
GDP_{2021} = (88 \times 3) + (47 \times 17)
\]
\[
GDP_{2021} = 264 + 799 = 1063
\]

### Step 3: Calculate the Growth Rate
Now we can calculate the growth rate:

\[
\text{Growth Rate} = \frac{GDP_{2021} - GDP_{2020}}{GDP_{2020}} \times 100
\]
\[
\text{Growth Rate} = \frac{1063 - 1003}{1003} \times 100 = \frac{60}{1003} \times 100 \approx 5.98\%
\]

Thus, the GDP growth rate from 2020 to 2021 is approximately **5.98%**.

---

Do you have any further questions, or would you like a detailed breakdown of any of the steps?

Here are some related questions to consider:
1. How is nominal GDP different from real GDP?
2. Why is it important to choose a base year for GDP calculations?
3. What are some potential effects of price changes on GDP growth?
4. How does the production mix of goods affect a country’s GDP?
5. What are alternative methods to calculate GDP, like the expenditure or income approaches?

**Tip:** Always remember to check whether you're working with real or nominal GDP when analyzing economic data!

¿Cuánto es la tasa de variación (crec/rec) del PBI del año 2021 respecto al año 2020?

Calcule la tasa de crecimiento del PBI de un país emergente para 2021 respecto a 2020 usando el año base 2020. La fórmula de crecimiento real del PBI se aplica con los datos de producción y precios de papas y aviones.

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