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The text you uploaded discusses integration methods and includes a logical reasoning question involving two propositions (assertions) and a justification. I'll summarize and explain the content and then solve the question.

### Summary of the Assertions:

1. **Assertion I:** "O método da substituição é uma técnica eficaz para simplificar a avaliação de integrais."  
   (The substitution method is an effective technique for simplifying the evaluation of integrals.)

2. **Reason (Assertion II):** "A substituição de variáveis permite expressar a integral em termos de uma nova variável, simplificando a função e facilitando a integração."  
   (The substitution of variables allows expressing the integral in terms of a new variable, simplifying the function and facilitating integration.)

### The question asks you to determine the logical correctness of the following statements:
- Assertion I is true or false.
- Assertion II is true or false.
- Whether Assertion II provides a valid justification for Assertion I.

### Answer Choices:

- **A:** Both assertions I and II are true, and II is a valid justification for I.
- **B:** Both assertions I and II are true, but II is not a valid justification for I.
- **C:** Assertion I is true, and Assertion II is false.
- **D:** Assertion I is false, and Assertion II is true.
- **E:** Assertion I is false, and Assertion II is false.

### Solution:

1. **Assertion I** states that the substitution method simplifies the evaluation of integrals, which is true. Substitution is a well-known technique in integration, allowing you to reduce the complexity of integrals by changing variables.

2. **Assertion II** provides a valid reason for why substitution works: by substituting variables, the integral can often be simplified into a more manageable form. This is also true.

Since both assertions are true, and Assertion II explains the mechanism behind why substitution simplifies integrals, **the correct answer is A** (both are true, and II justifies I).

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Would you like further details or have any additional questions?

### Related Questions:

1. What is the integration by substitution method in more detail?
2. How does substitution compare to integration by parts?
3. Can you provide an example of integration using substitution?
4. What are common pitfalls when applying the substitution method in integrals?
5. What other methods exist for simplifying integrals?

### Tip:
When applying substitution, always check that the resulting integral is easier to solve and that the differential transformation is consistent with the original integral.

O método da substituição é uma técnica eficaz para simplificar a avaliação de integrais. A substituição de variáveis permite expressar a integral em termos de uma nova variável, simplificando a função e facilitando a integração.

Understand how substitution simplifies the evaluation of integrals by changing variables. Learn key concepts and formulas involved in this integral method, including step-by-step explanations.

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