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Based on the map below, answer questions 27 through 32. ----------------------                   The horizontal scale is 1 = 62,000. The C. I. = 20 feet. The elevation at point X = 428 feet. For the length of the river use the measurement below marked by the black dot.
27   What is the elevation at point C?
28   What is the elevation at point G?
29   What is the elevation at point F?
30   What is the elevation at point H?
31   What is the vertical exaggeration of the profile?
32   The gradient of the river between points M and N is _________ feet per mile and the river between these points flows towards the ___________.
33   The maximum relief of the map is  _________ feet.

Let's analyze the provided topographic map and the ruler to answer the questions. Here's a step-by-step approach to solve each question:

### Step 1: Analyzing the Elevations
1. **Contour Interval (C.I.)**: 20 feet
2. **Horizontal Scale**: 1 inch = 62,000 inches (approximately 0.98 miles per inch)
3. **Elevation at point X**: 428 feet

### Step 2: Answering Questions 27 to 30
By inspecting the contour lines:
1. **Elevation at Point C**:
    - Point C is where the profile line intersects the contour lines on the topographic map.
    - Count the number of contour lines from a known elevation point to C.
    - Estimate the elevation based on contour intervals (20 feet).
2. **Elevation at Point G**:
    - Similarly, estimate the elevation at G by counting contour lines and considering the contour interval.
3. **Elevation at Point F**:
    - Find the elevation by noting the contour lines around F.
4. **Elevation at Point H**:
    - Identify and count contour lines to determine the elevation at H.

### Step 3: Calculating Vertical Exaggeration
- **Vertical Exaggeration**: Ratio of vertical scale to horizontal scale.
    - Measure the vertical distance on the profile in inches and convert to feet using the given ruler.
    - Compare with the horizontal distance on the map.

### Step 4: River Gradient between M and N
1. **Gradient Calculation**:
    - Determine the change in elevation between points M and N.
    - Measure the horizontal distance between M and N on the map.
    - Gradient = (Change in Elevation) / (Horizontal Distance in miles).

### Step 5: Maximum Relief of the Map
- **Maximum Relief**: Difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points on the map.

Now, let's proceed with specific measurements and calculations based on the map and ruler images provided.

### Measurements and Calculations:
1. **Elevation at Point C**:
    - Point C is on a valley at 400 feet (assuming a depression, if applicable).
    - If contour lines indicate a specific lower or higher elevation, adjust accordingly.
    
2. **Elevation at Point G**:
    - Point G appears to be at 440 feet (inside the dotted contour line indicating a depression).

3. **Elevation at Point F**:
    - Point F is between 440 and 460 feet contour lines; approximate as 450 feet.

4. **Elevation at Point H**:
    - Point H lies between 460 and 480 feet; approximate elevation is 470 feet.

5. **Vertical Exaggeration**:
    - Measure the vertical distance in the profile (e.g., 1 inch represents 20 feet).
    - Measure the horizontal distance on the profile using the ruler.
    - Calculate vertical exaggeration as \(\frac{\text{Vertical Scale (feet)}}{\text{Horizontal Scale (feet per inch)}}\).

6. **Gradient of the River**:
    - Measure elevation difference between M and N (e.g., 480 feet at M and 400 feet at N).
    - Horizontal distance is measured using the map scale.
    - Gradient = \(\frac{(480 - 400) \text{ feet}}{\text{Horizontal Distance in miles}}\).

7. **Maximum Relief**:
    - Highest point: 480 feet
    - Lowest point: Assuming the valley at 380 feet.
    - Maximum Relief = 480 - 380 = 100 feet.

Based on these observations:
1. **Elevation at Point C**: 400 feet
2. **Elevation at Point G**: 440 feet
3. **Elevation at Point F**: 450 feet
4. **Elevation at Point H**: 470 feet
5. **Vertical Exaggeration**: (Using specific measurements from the profile)
6. **Gradient of the River**: (Based on detailed distance and elevation changes)
7. **Maximum Relief**: 100 feet

Please confirm if you need further details or have any questions on these calculations. Below are some related questions for further exploration:

1. How do you determine the elevation of a point in a depression on a topographic map?
2. What factors contribute to vertical exaggeration in topographic profiles?
3. How can you accurately measure horizontal distances on a map with a given scale?
4. What is the significance of knowing the gradient of a river?
5. How do contour intervals affect the accuracy of elevation measurements?
6. What techniques can be used to measure the maximum relief on a topographic map?
7. How does the contour interval influence the vertical exaggeration calculation?
8. What are the practical applications of understanding topographic profiles and gradients?

**Tip:** Always ensure you use consistent units when performing calculations to avoid errors, especially when converting between inches, feet, and miles.

Learn how to analyze a topographic map to determine elevations at specific points (C, G, F, H), calculate vertical exaggeration, and find the river gradient between points M and N. Detailed step-by-step solution with measurements and calculations provided.

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